Sepphoris—Cosmopolitan City Near Jesus’ Hometown
Sepphoris, View from Nazareth
Roman Theater and Tower on the Acropolis
Exquisite Woman’s Portrait on Mosaic Floor
Complete Mosaic Floor with Woman’s Portrait
Mosaic Floor with Nile Scene

Mosaic Floor, Personification of Egypt and Nilometer
Mosaic Floor, Alexandria City Gate and Pharos Lighthouse
Mosaic Floor, Fisherman at the Nile River

Capernaum—Has the Synagogue Where Jesus Preached Been Found?
Capernaum Synagogue, Aerial View
Plan of Synagogue and 1981 Trenches

Capernaum, First-Century Building Remains
Magdala, First-Century Synagogue, Reconstruction
Magdala, First-Century Synagogue, Plan
Gamla, First-Century Synagogue

Ports on the Sea of Galilee
Sea of Galilee, Map

Gergesa Harbor
Susita (Hippos) Harbor
Gennesar Harbor
Tabgha, Harbor of St. Peter

The Sea of Galilee “Jesus Boat”
First-Century Galilee Boat Refloated

Galilee Boat, Excavation
Galilee Boat in Conservation Tank
Magdala, First-Century Boat Mosaic
Researches in Jerusalem

The Search for King Herod’s Tomb
Herodium, Aerial View

Herodium, Palace and Tower
Greater Herodium, Plan
Herodium, Lower Terrace “Monumental Building”
Traditional Herod’s Family Tomb, Entrance
Sarcophagus from Traditional Herod’s Family Tomb
Newly Proposed Herod’s Family Tomb, Wall

Herod’s Winter Palace at Jericho, Opus Reticulatum
Tomb of Augustus, Reconstruction
Herod’s Family Tomb, Reconstruction

Researching the Appearance of Herod’s Temple Mount
Southern Extension of Temple Mount, Reconstruction
Monumental Walls at Tomb of Abraham

Coins for the Temple Tax

The Gate of the Essenes
Three Superimposed Sills in Gate of the Essenes Complex
Threshold of Gate with Sewage Channel
Street inside Gate

Ossuary of the High Priest Caiaphas

Jewish Ossuaries of the First Century C.E.
Caiaphas’ Tomb, Entrance and Main Chamber
“Caiaphas” Ossuary in Tomb Niche
“Caiaphas” Ossuary
“Caiaphas” Ossuary, Narrow Side with Inscription

“Caiaphas” Ossuary, Narrow-Side Inscription, Transcription and Translation
“Caiaphas” Ossuary, Back Side with Inscription
“Caiaphas” Ossuary, Back-Side Inscription, Transcription and Translation
Second “Caiaphas” Ossuary, Inscription

Second “Caiaphas” Ossuary Inscription, Transcription
“Miriam Daughter of Simon” Ossuary Inscription
“Miriam Daughter of Simon” Inscription, Transcription
Pilate’s Name on Caesarea Inscription

The Field of Blood Cemetery (Alkeldama)
Onuphrius Monastery and Early Tombs
Attic Door Tomb Entrance
Tomb Chamber with Elaborate Doorways and Ceiling
Akeldama Tomb 1, Chamber C Loculi
Ariston Tomb, Stone Door to Chamber

Ariston Tomb, Chamber with Arcosolia

The Church of the Apostles—A First-Century Christian Synagogue?
Traditional Tomb of David at Cenacle
Reused Herodian Blocks in Synagogue South Wall
Upper Room (Cenacle)
Pelican Capital in Crusader Cenacle

Basilica of St. Pudentiana, Mosaic Showing Church of the Apostles
Plan of Church of the Apostles and Crusader Church of Mary

The Cave Church of Gethsemane
Garden of Gethsemane
Cave of Gethsemane
Cave of Gethsemane, Detail of Floor Phases

Researches on Ancient Manuscripts

The Dead Sea Scrolls
The “Son of God” Fragment (4Q246)
The “Pierced Messiah” Fragment (4Q285)

The “Beatitudes” Fragment (4Q525)

New Biblical Manuscript Discovery at St. Catherine’s Monastery
New Leaves from the Codex Sinaiticus
Desert Monasteries

Monasteries in Southern Sinai

St. Catherine’s Monastery
Southern Sinai Monastic Compound, Plan

Monasteries in the Judean Wilderness (Laura Type)
Pharan—The Beginnings of a Movement
Pharan Monastery, Cells and Central Complex
Douka Monastery (Deir Quarantal), Mount of Temptation

Gerasimus Monastery
Mar Saba, the Great Laura
Mar Saba Hermitage No. 29
Mar Saba Hermitage No. 29, Section

Monasteries in the Judean Wilderness (Coenobitic Type)
Theodosius Monastery—The Move to Community

St. Martyrius Monastery, Aerial View
St. Martyrius Monastery, Overview of Ruins
St. Martyrius Monastery, Refectory Mosaic Floor
St. Martyrius Monastery, Refectory Mosaic Floor Panel
St. Martyrius Monastery, Refectory Column Capital
St. Martyrius Monastery, Kitchen Floor Mosaic

St. Martyrius Monastery, Chapel of the Three Priests Mosaic
St. Martyrius Monastery, Drawing
Choziba Monastery (St. George’s)—A Combined Laura and Coenobium
Choziba Monastery, Hermit Cell
Choziba Monastery, Charnel Cave with Skulls
Khirbet ed-Deir Monastery, Overview

Khirbet ed-Deir Monastery, Burial Cave Chapel
Recently Discovered Byzantine Churches

Churches in Jerusalem
Monastery of the Cross, General View
Monastery of the Cross, Byzantine Mosaic Floor

Churches in the North

Church at Kursi (Gergesa), General View
Church at Kursi, Close-Up
Church at Khirbet el-Beiyudat, General View
Church at Khirbet el-Beiyudat, Bema Mosaic Inscription

Churches in the South
Church at Horvat Beit Loya, General View

Church at Horvat Beit Loya, North Aisle Mosaic
Church at Horvat Be’er-shema, Man and Donkey Mosaic
Church at Kissufim, Mosaic Floor
Church at Kissufim, Mosaic of Lion Attacking Bull

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Galilee Archaeology

General Views
Sea of Galilee
Boats on the Sea of Galilee
Tiberias
Plain of Jezreel

Mt. Carmel, the Muckraka
Mt. Tabor
Mt. Tabor
Jordan River
Mt. Hermon
Near the Acco-Safed Road

Waterfall in Upper Galilee
Nahal Dalioth
Yarmuk River
Before the Hebrews
Mt. Carmel Caves
Chalcolithic Burial Urn

Yiftael, House Foundations
Stone Circles in the Golan
Natufian Carved Bone
Stone Dolmen
Burial at Achzib
Nahariya “Horned Goddess” Mold

Iron Age, Persian and Hellenistic Periods (1200—63 B.C.E.)
Hazor, Aerial View
Hazor, Shrine of the Stelae
Hazor, Cult Mask
Upper City of Hazor
Megiddo, Aerial View

Megiddo, Lion Seal
Megiddo, Ivory Plaque
Megiddo, Ivory Winged Bes
Megiddo, Horned Altars
Megiddo, Water Tunnel
Megiddo, Silo

Megiddo, Canaanite Outdoor Altar
Dor, Aerial View
Dor, Persian Period Figurines
Dor, Sculpture of Head
Dor, Hellenistic Street
Dor, Head of Bes

Dan, High Place
Dan, Model of Middle Bronze Gate
Dan, Steps Leading to Middle Bronze Gate
The Dancer from Dan
Inscription Identifying Dan
Dan, Paved Street

Dan, Platform at City Gate
Dan, Scepter Head
Early Roman and Herodian Periods (63 B.C.E.-70 C.E.)
Banyas (Ancient Paneas)
Cliffs of Arbel
Gamla, General View

Gamla, Closer View
Gamla, Synagogue
Gamla, Two Lamps and a Bowl
Gamla, Bronze Fibulae
Gamla, Arrowheads
Gamla, Ballista Stones

Gamla, Scale Armor
Gamla, Lead Weights, Rings, Pendants
Roman Period (70—324 C.E.)
Hippos/Susita
Hippos/Susita, Main Street
Hippos/Susita Rocks with Holes

Kedesh, Roman Temple
First-Century Mosaic Boat
Boat from Sea of Galilee
Beth Shearim, Catacombs
Beth Shearim Catacomb Courtyard
Beth Shearim Menorah Sarcophagus

Beth Shearim Catacomb 20
Beth Shearim Mask Sarcophagus
Beth Shearim “Eagle” Sarcophagus
Beth Shearim Menorah Catacomb
Tell Beth-Shean Aerial View

Beth-Shean View of Lower City
Beth-Shean Roman Street
Beth-Shean, Steps
Beth-Shean, Roman Theater
Beth-Shean, Pillared Street
Beth-Shean, Mosaic Portrait

Byzantine Period (324—640 C.E.)
Hammath Gader General View
Hammath Gader Hot Springs
Hammath Tiberias Synagogue
Hammath Tiberias Synagogue Mosaic
Hammath Tiberias Mosaic, Zodiac

Hammath Tiberias Mosaic Personification of Spring
Hammath Tiberias Mosaic, Helios
Hammath Tiberias Torah Shrine
Capernaum, Aerial View
Capernaum, Synagogue Portal
Capernaum Corinthian Capital

Capernaum, Synagogue and Steps
Capernaum, Flour Grinder
Capernaum, Synagogue Detail
Capernaum, View of Greek Excavations
Capernaum, Simon Peter’s House
Chorazin, Aerial View

Chorazin, Stone Carving
Chorazin, Medusa Head
Chorazin, Synagogue Portals
Chorazin, Synagogue Interior
Chorazin, Throne of Moses
Meroth (Marous) Synagogue

Meroth, Mosaic
Kursi, General View
Kursi, Greek Mosaic
Sepphoris, Site View
Sepphoris Mosaic, Detail
Sepphoris Mosaic Processional

Sepphoris Mosaic, Portrait
Sepphoris, Bronze Prometheus
Mt. Meiron and Nahal Amud
Meiron, Synagogue
Nabratein, General View
Nabratein, Synagogue Lintel

Nabratein, Pediment of Stone Ark
Baram, General View
Tabgha, Restoring the Mosaic
Tabgha Mosaic Loaves and Fishes
Tabgha Mosaic Bird and Asp
Tabgha Mosaic, Ducks

Beth Alpha the Binding of Isaac
Beth Alpha, Zodiac Mosaic
Beth Alpha, Torah Shrine
Qatzrin, View of Synagogue
Crusader Period (1099—1291 C.E.)
Belvoir Castle Aerial View

Belvoir, Crusader Architecture
Montfort Castle
Nimrod Castle
Nimrod, Fortifications
Acre (Acco) Crusader Refectory
Acre, Turkish Walls

Acre, Turkish Aqueduct
Acco (Acre), Hellenistic Stone Mold of Helios
Horns of Hattin
Churches Commemorating Christian Events
Nazareth, Aerial View
Nazareth, Church of the Annunciation

Cana Churches
Tabgha, Sanctuary of the Primacy
Tabgha, Sanctuary Interior
Mt. Tabor, Church of the Transfiguration
Animals in the Huleh
Nutria

Water Buffalo

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Jerusalem Archaeology

Aerial Views and Maps of Jerusalem
Fish-Eye Aerial View of Jerusalem

Aerial View from South
Aerial Detail of Ophel Hill and Temple Mount
Map: Jerusalem from the Jebusites to Hezekiah
Map: Jerusalem from Nehemiah to the Herods
Map: Jerusalem of Hadrian
Map: Jerusalem of Constantine

Map: Jerusalem of Mohammed
Map: Jerusalem of the Crusaders
Early Jerusalem Until the Babylonian Destruction (18th—6th Centuries B.C.E.)
Ophel Hill from the East
Closer View of Ophel Hill from the East
JA11A: Close-Up of Jebusite Wall

JA11B: Steps Leading to Israelite House
Ophel Hill: The Stepped-Structure
JA12A: Walls on Ophel Hill
Proto-Aeolic Capital
“Royal Tombs” and Roman Quarry on Ophel Hill

“Royal Tomb” on Ophel Hill
Gihon Spring
Entrance Steps to Gihon Spring
“Warren’s Shaft”: Cross-Section Drawing
“Warren’s Shaft”: Vertical Segment

“Warren’s Shaft”: Sloping Tunnel
“Warren’s Shaft”: Vaulted Entrance Chamber
Hezekiah’s Tunnel
Siloam Pool
Hezekiah’s Tunnel: Place of Join

Hezekiah’s Tunnel: Siloam Inscription
Plan of Hezekiah’s Tunnel
Excavations West of Temple Mount
Israelite City Wall in Jewish Quarter
Israelite Tomb Antechamber
Israelite Tomb Burial Chamber

Israelite Tomb Repository
Amulet Containing the Divine Name
Divine Name on Jerusalem Amulet
Fertility Figurine from Israelite Jerusalem
Tower in Israelite Wall
Arrowheads from Babylonian Destruction, 586 B.C.E.

Jerusalem from the Exile Through the Hasmoneans (5th—1st Centuries B.C.E.)
Nehemiah’s Tower, Wall and Glacis on Ophel Hill
JA37A: Close-Up of Nehemiah’s Wall
Hellenistic Tombs in Kidron Valley
Tomb of “Absalom”

Inscription from Tomb of Mattathias
Hasmonean Wall beneath Later Western Wall
Jerusalem of Herod (37—4 B.C.E.)
Herod’s Western Fortress: Holyland Hotel Model
Phasael Tower
Fortress of Antonia: Holyland Hotel Model

Herod’s Temple and Courts: Holyland Hotel Model
Herod’s Temple: Dura-Europos Synagogue Fresco
Temple Precinct Notice
Herod’s Enlarged Temple Mount
“Seam” in Eastern Temple Mount Wall

Close-Up of “Seam” in Eastern Temple Mount Wall
“Solomon’s Stables”
Southwest Corner of Temple Mount
Huge Blocks in Herod’s Temple Walls
“Robinson’s Arch”

“Robinson’s Arch” Stairway: Architect’s Drawing
“Place of Trumpeting” Inscription
“Wilson’s Arch”
Broad Stairs along South Wall of Temple Mount
Triple Huldah Gates

Excavations Outside South Wall of Temple Mount
Mosaic Floor in Herodian House
Aristocratic Objects from Herodian Jerusalem
Jerusalem Painted Pottery
“Hezekiah’s Pool” Reservoir

Menorah Graffito
Theodotus Synagogue Inscription
Jerusalem of Jesus and the Zealots (63 B.C.E.—70 C.E.)
Garden of Gethsemane
Traditional Rock of Agony
View of Golden Gate and Jerusalem from Mount of Olives

“Lithostrotos” Pavement in Sisters of Zion Basement
Dice Game Graffito, Sisters of Zion Pavement
Via Dolorosa
Covered Street in the Old City
Aerial View of Jerusalem from Southeast

Damascus Gate at Night
Sukenik-Mayer Wall Segment
Gordon’s “Golgotha”
Garden Tomb
“Tomb of the Kings” Façade

“Tomb of the Kings” Entrance with Rolling Stone
“Tomb of the Kings” Interior View
Ossuaries from a Roman Age Tomb
Ossuary of “Simon the Temple Builder”

Coin of the First Jewish Revolt
Coin with Bust of Titus
Spearhead in Jewish Quarter House
“Judea Capta” Coins
Arch of Titus, Rome

Arch of Titus: Detail
Tumbled Blocks from Temple Mount
Jerusalem of Hadrian (130—325 C.E.)
Statue of Hadrian
Aelia Capitolina Coin
Bar Kokhba Coins Showing Temple

Bar Kokhba Coins with Trumpets and Lyre
Madaba Map of Jerusalem
Excavations beneath Damascus Gate
Roman Remains below Damascus Gate
Cardo
Cardo Pavement

Lithograph of Hadrianic Arch
Ecce Homo Arch
Hadrianic Arch in Convent Chapel
Jerusalem of Constantine (325—638 C.E.)
Coin of Constantine
Coin of Queen Helena

Church of the Holy Sepulchre
Cenotaph of the Anastasis
Tomb of Jesus, Interior
Chapel of St. Helena
Pilgrim Ship Graffito
Gold Ring Depicting Holy Sepulchre

Nea Church: Vaulted Foundations
Nea Church: Inscription
Golden Gate: View from Outside City
Golden Gate: View from Temple Mount
Western Wall of Temple Mount
Isaiah Inscription

Jerusalem of Mohammed (638—1099 C.E.)
Aerial View of Temple Mount/Haram Esh Sharif
Dome of the Rock
Dome of the Rock: Close View
Dome of the Rock: Interior View
Dome of the Rock: Interior of Dome

Dome of the Rock: Fish-Eye Interior View
Dome of the Spirits
El Aqsa Mosque
Jerusalem of the Crusaders (1099—1187 C.E.)
Citadel of the Crusaders
Citadel at Night

Church of Holy Sepulchre: Crusader South Entrance
Church of the Holy Sepulchre: Detail of Entrance
Church of the Holy Sepulchre: Interior of Crusader Church
Church of the Holy Sepulchre: Medieval Graffiti
Crusader Period Coins
Church of St. Anne next to Pool of Bethesda

Church of St. Anne: Detail of Exterior
Church of St. Anne: Interior
Tomb of the Virgin Façade
Dome of the Ascension
Temple Mount Showing Western Wall
Western Wall, Place of Prayer

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Dead Sea Scrolls

The Setting
Journey from Jerusalem
Farther into the Judean Desert

Sea Level Sign
Traditional Place of John’s Baptisms
Dead Sea
Water Level Mark, Dead Sea
’Ain Feshkha Spring
Building Remains at ’Ain Feshkha

Ras Feshkha
Khirbet Mazin
Discovery and Acquisition
Cave 1, General View, Limestone Cliffs
Cave 1, Close-up View, Outside
Cave 1, View from Inside

Qumran Pottery Vessels
Bedouin Discoverers of Cave 1
Antiquities Dealer “Kando”
Eleazar L. Sukenik
Yigael Yadin and James Biberkraut
Metropolitan Samuel

Wall Street Journal Advertisement
Shrine of the Book, Exterior
Shrine of the Book, Interior
The First Scrolls
First Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa)
Second Isaiah Scroll (1QIsab)

Genesis Apocryphon (lQapGen)
Habakkuk Commentary (lQpHab)
Manual of Discipline (1QS)
Thanksgiving Psalms (1QH)
War Scroll (1QM)
The Excavations at Qumran

Qumran Terrace and Settlement, Viewed from Nearby Cave
Qumran Settlement and Wadi, General View
Father Roland de Vaux
Qumran Settlement, Aerial View
The Qumran Water System
Round Cistern

Wadi Qumran, View to Dead Sea
Wadi Qumran, View to Floor
Water Channel, Upper End
Water Tunnel and Channel
Water Channel on Terrace
Covered Water Channel

Rectangular Cistern
Mikveh
Cistern Showing Fault Line
Juglet and Silver Coins
The Qumran Buildings
Dining Hall

Pantry, View from Dining Hall
De Vaux with Pots in Pantry
Scriptorium, Study Room and Library/Storage Room
Scriptorium
Scriptorium. Writing Table and Bench
Inkwells

Study Room Benches
Study Room Wall Niche, Interior View
Study Room Wall Niche, Detail
Study Room Wall Niche, Exterior View
Library/Storage Room
Stairway to Upper Floor

Pottery Kiln
Cemetery
Column Bases
Tower
Tower Glacis
Plan of Qumran Community

The Caves
Map of Cave Locations
Caves 4 and 5, View from Wadi Floor
Cave 4, View from Qumran Community
Cave 4, Excavators’ New Entrance
Cave 4, View to Dead Sea

Cave 4, Interior
Cave 3 (Copper Scroll Cave)
Cave 11 (Temple Scroll Cave)
Caves Excavated by Vendyl Jones
The Scrollery, Preservation and Research
Rockefeller Museum

The Scrollery
Fathers de Vaux and Milik with G. L. Harding
Father Milik Examining Fragments
John Strugnell
Frank Moore Cross, Jr.
John Allegro

International Research Team
Working with Fragments
Hebrew Fragment
Paleo-Hebrew Fragment
Greek Fragment
Leather Fragment

Papyrus Fragment
Isaiah Scroll Column
Name of the Deity in Paleo-Hebrew
“Lost” Fragment of Samuel
Damage Shown on Rolled Scroll

Damage Shown on Unrolled Scroll
Phylactery
Two Unique Scrolls
Copper Scroll, As Found
Cutting the Copper Scroll
Copper Scroll, Single Strip

Copper Scroll on Display
Enhanced Copper Scroll
Temple Scroll
Joseph Uhrig, “Mr. Z”
Temple Scroll, Plan of Jerusalem Temple
Plan Compared to Temple Mount

The Publishing Bottleneck
Geza Vermes
Hershel Shanks
Strugnell with “Fleas” on Cover of BAR
Emanuel Tov

Fragments of 4QMMT
Elisha Qimron
Qumran Connections … with Christians? … with Zealots?
“Pierced Messiah” Fragment (4Q285)
Enhanced View of “Pierced Messiah” Fragment

“Son of God” Fragment (4Q246)
“Messiah Apocalypse” Fragment (4Q521)
Greek Fragment from Mark? (7Q5)
Masada, Aerial View
Masada Synagogue

“Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice” Fragment, Masada
Manuscript Discoveries near the Dead Sea

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Archaeology and Religion

The Gods

Gods Before Israel
Horvat Minha Neolithic Female Figurine
Sha’ar ha-Golan, Neolithic Female Figurine
Golan, Chalcolithic Figurine Ritual Stand
Gilath, Chalcolithic Female Figurine
Nahariya, Middle Bronze Age Female Statuette

Gezer, Middle Bronze Age Female Pendants
Late Bronze Age Stylized Female Figurines
Tel Halif, Nude Figurine
Bronze Statuette of Ba’al
Ashkelon, Middle Bronze Age Silver Calf
Hazor, Late Bronze Age Basalt Seated God

Hazor, Late Bronze Age Stele with Lunar Symbol
Serabit el-Khadem Egyptian Goddess Hathor
Beth-Shean Head of Hathor
Megiddo, Late Bronze Age Ivory Bes

Gods of Ancient Israel and Its Neighbors
Timna, Gilded Serpent

Ashdod “Ashdoda” Chair Figure
Tel Batash, Iron Age I “Cyrano” Male Head
Israelite “High Place” Bronze Bull

Kuntillet ’Ajrud Portrayal of Israel’s God(s)?
Kuntillet ’Ajrud, Drawing of Pithos Figures
Iron Age Pillar Figurines (Representing Asherah?)
Jerusalem, Terra-cotta Horse with Sun Disc
Tel Batash, Iron Age II Female Figurine Mold

Gods of the Late Biblical Periods

Dor, Persian-Period Phoenician Fertility Figurine Mold
Dor, Persian Period “Maternal” Astarte Figurines
Tel Dor, Phoenician Baal-as-Zeus Head
Dor Bone Amulet of Bes
Caesarea Philippi Cave of Pan

Ashkelon, Osiris Bronze Figurine
Ephesus Cult Statue of Artemis
Caesarea Maritima Ephesian Artemis
Rome, Fresco of Christ as Moses Bringing Water from the Rock
Rome, Fresco of Christ as Good Shepherd
Rome, Mosaic of Christ as Sun-god

Altars and High Places

Pre-Israelite Altars, High Places and Standing Stones
Megiddo, High Place Altar
Gezer, High Place
Hazor, Standing Stones
Serabit el-Khadem, Hathor Temple Standing Stones

Tirzah, Pillar
Shechem, Pillar (Joshua’s “Stone of Witness”?)

Israelite and Later Altars
Mt. Ebal, Altar
Mt. Ebal Altar, Artist’s Reconstruction

Tel Dan, High Place
Beer-Sheva, Horned Altar
Arad, House Temple Altar
Petra, Nabatean High-Place Altar
Petra, Nabatean High-Place Round Altar
Rome, Fresco of Early Christian Altar-Stand

Temples, Synagogues and Churches

Temples Before Israel
Ein-Gedi, Chalcolithic Cultic Enclosure
Hazor, Three-Room Canaanite Temple
Timna, Midianite Hathor Temple
Tell Qasile Philistine Temple

Temples of Israel
Jerusalem, Solomon’s Temple (Howland-Garber Model)
Arad, House Temple
Arad, House Temple Holy of Holies
Kuntillet ’Ajrud Wilderness Shrine
Jerusalem Herod’s Temple Mount (Drawing)

Jerusalem Herod’s Temple (Model)
Jerusalem Temple Depicted on Second Revolt Coin
Hebron Machpelah Shrine

Later Non-Israelite Temples
Horvat Qitmit Edomite Shrine
Mt. Gerizim Samaritan Temple Site

Petra, Nabatean Temple of Dhu-Shara
Sebaste, Herod’s Temple to Augustus
Mt. Gerizim Hadrian’s Temple to Zeus
Caesarea Maritima Mithraeum Vault
Caesarea Maritima Mithraeum Medallion

Synagogues

Masada, Synagogue
Herodium, Synagogue
Capernaum Early Basilica Synagogue
Chorazin, Early Basilica Synagogue
Qatzrin Reversed-Basilica Synagogue
Meroth Two-phase Synagogue

Shema Broadhouse Synagogue
Hammath Tiberias Synagogue Floor Mosaic
Beth Alpha, Synagogue Zodiac Mosaic
Beth Alpha Binding of Isaac Mosaic
Ma’on, Synagogue Mosaic

Christian Churches

Rome, Fresco of Early Eucharist Meal
Capernaum, Octagonal Church and House Shrine
Jerusalem, Church of the Holy Sepulchre
Madaba, Map of Jerusalem & Holy Sepulchre Church
Jerusalem, Church of the Holy Sepulchre Anastasis
Eboda (Avdat) Basilica Church

Corinth, Church Templon Slab
Sardis, Church at Temple of Artemis
Kursi, “Swine Miracle” Basilica Church
Tabgha, Church Mosaic of Loaves and Fishes
Wadi Qilt St. George’s Monastery

Sinai St. Catherine’s Monastery
Um er-Rasas, Church of St. Stephen Mosaic Floor
Um er-Rasas Jerusalem Mosaic

Installations for Water Immersion
Jerusalem, Mikveh South of Temple Mount
Masada, Mikveh (Aerial View)

Qumran, Mikveh or Cistern
Subeita, South Church Baptistery
Ephesus, Church of St. John Baptistery
Objects Used in Worship

Small Altars and Incense Shovels
Megiddo Horned Incense Altar

Ekron, Horned Altars
Tel Dan, Lishkah Altar
Tel Dan, Incense Shovels

Cult Stands
Shiloh, Ceramic Cult Stand
Beth-Shean, Ceramic Cult Stand with Serpents

Tel Nami Bronze Cult Stand
Tell Qasile, Philistine Ceramic Cult Stands
Ashdod, Ceramic Cult Stand with Musicians
Taanach, Cult Stand
Cyprus, Wheeled Brazier

Cult Vessels

Gilath, Ram with Goblets
Jericho Anthropomorphic Rhyton
Nahariya Seven-cupped Vessels
Kuntillet ’Ajrud Inscribed Stone Bowl
Byzantine Christian Silver Chalice

Standards and Scepters

Nahal Mishmar Copper Hoard
Hazor, Silver-Plated Cult Standard
Tel Nami, Bronze and Ivory Scepters
Jerusalem, Ivory Pomegranate Scepter Head
Jerusalem, Pomegranate Inscription (Close-up)
Jerusalem, Drawing of Scepter Inscription

Tel Dan, Bronze and Silver Scepter

Cult Masks
Dayan Collection Stone Mask
Hazor, Ceramic Cult Mask
Timna, Hathor Mask

Objects Used in Divination

Animal Bones Used as Lots
Assyrian Puru Lot

Votives and Amulets
Persian Period Horses and Riders
Jerusalem, Amulet Containing the Divine Name
Jerusalem, Amulet Unrolled

Jerusalem, Drawing of Amulet Inscription

The Temple Ark and Synagogue Arks
Khorsabad Palace “Cherub”
Capernaum, Synagogue Wheeled Ark
Beth Alpha Synagogue Ark Mosaic
Nabratein, Synagogue Ark Pediment

Temple and Synagogue Menorahs
Jericho Mosaic of Menorah
Jerusalem, Temple Menorah Graffito
Rome, Arch of Titus Relief of Jerusalem Temple Menorah
Beth She’arim Sarcophagus Menorah Relief
Hammath Tiberias Synagogue Mosaic Menorahs

Roman Gold Glass Depiction of Arks and Menorahs

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Mesopotamian Archaeology

Geography
Mt. Ararat

Euphrates River
City-States and Kingdoms of The Third Millennium B.C.E.

Gods and Kings
Ziggurat of King Ur-Nammu
Vulture Stela of Eannatum of Lagash
Vulture Stela, Detail of Ningirsu

UR (2600—2350 B.C.E.)
The Standard of Ur
The Standard of Ur, Detail of King
Lyre, the Royal Cemetery
Goat in a Thicket
Gold and Lapis Dagger and Sheath

Akkadian Dynasty (2340—2190 B.C.E.)
Sculpted Head of Akkadian Ruler
Sculpted Profile of Akkadian Ruler
Victory Stela of Naram-Sin
Cylinder Seal with Mythological Figures

Gudea Of Lagash

Gudea the Architect
Gudea the Architect, Detail of Neo-Sumerian Temple Plan
Gudea with Flowing Vase
Syrian Kingdoms of The Third Millennium B.C.E.

Mari (2600—2300 B.C.E.)
Lion-Headed Eagle, the Early Palace

Votive Statue of Ishtar Temple Official
Gallery of Sumerian Temple Statues, Tell Asmar
Statue of a Priestess of Ishtar
Worshiper Bearing an Offering
Close-up of a Smiling Statue
Inlaid Panel, Temple of Dagan

Ebla, Palace G (2600—2300 B.C.E.)
Square Cuneiform Tablet
Round Tablet with Business Transaction
Figurine of a Bison-Man
Wood Furniture Panel with Animal Decoration
Portrait of Ebla’s King?

Stone Wig from a Palace Statue
Stone Lid of an Egyptian Jar
Syria in the Third and Second Millennia B.C.E.

Citadel at Aleppo
Mari in The Middle Bronze Age (2000—1550 B.C.E.)
Procession at Zimri-Lim’s Palace

Procession at Zimri-Lim’s Palace, Detail
Procession at Zimri-Lim’s Palace, Man Leading Bull
Goddess with Flowing Vase, Zimri-Lim’s Palace

Code of Hammurabi
Stela with Law Code
Stela with Law Code, Detail of Figures

Ebla in The Middle Bronze Age (2000—1550 B.C.E.)
View of Site (Tell Mardikh)
Statue of King Ibbit-Lim
City Gate
Palace Q, Storeroom
Temple D

Cult Furnishings, Temple D
Temple Cult Basin
Temple Cult Basin, Detail
Terra-cotta Building Model

Ugarit in The Late Bronze Age (1550—1200 B.C.E.)
Postern Gate

Royal Palace
Entrance Portico of Royal Palace
Stela Commemorating an Agreement
Weather God
“Smiting God”
Gold Pendant of a Goddess

Gold Bowl
Gold Bowl, Detail of Lion Hunt
Gold Plate
Gold Plate, Detail of Chariot Hunt
Miniature Bronze Tripod
Ceremonial Axe

Aegean Goddess in Ivory
Alphabetic Cuneiform Tablet

Byblos in the Early and Middle Bronze Ages (2400—1550 B.C.E.)
Temple of Reshef
Votive Figurines, Temple of Reshef
Sarcophagus of King Ahiram

Early Phoenician Alphabetic Inscription from Sarcophagus of Ahiram
The Near East of The Old Testament, First Millennium B.C.E.

Babylon
Cuneiform Tablet with Map of the World
Ishtar Gate, View of Restoration
Ishtar Gate, Detail of Bull

Ishtar Gate, Detail of Dragon
View of Site
Boundary Stone of Nebuchadrezzar I
Stela of Merodach-Baladan II
Commemorative Stone Tablet of the Assyrian King Esarhaddon

Gardens and Parks

King Assurbanipal Dining in a Garden, Nineveh
Animal Park at Nineveh
Exotic Garden at Mari

Assyria (900—612 B.C.E.)
Statue of King Assurnasirpal II, Nimrud
Winged Bull, Sargon II’s Palace at Khorsabad

Winged Genius, Nimrud
Assurnasirpal II Hunting Lions
Sennacherib’s Victory at Lachish, Overview
Sennacherib’s Victory at Lachish, the King’s Audience
Sennacherib’s Victory at Lachish, Presenting the Booty
Sennacherib’s Victory at Lachish, Prisoners of War

Sennacherib’s Siege of Lachish, Battering Ram
Sennacherib’s Siege of Lachish, Detail of Battering Ram
Sennacherib’s Siege of Lachish, Impaled Prisoners
Sennacherib’s Siege of Lachish, Detail of Attack
Sennacherib’s Siege of Lachish, Detail of Archers
Assurbanipal’s Soldiers Destroy an Elamite City

Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III
Black Obelisk, Detail of King Jehu’s Submission
Black Obelisk, Three Details of Tribute from Israel
Black Obelisk, Three Details of Tribute from Israel
Black Obelisk, Three Details of Tribute from Israel
Wall Painting of Two Courtiers

The Nimrud Ivories, Early First Millennium B.C.E.
A Pair of Ivory Women
Ivory “Mona Lisa” Inlay
Carved Ivory Panel
Man Attacked by Lioness

Furniture Inlay Done in Egyptian Style
A Cow Suckling a Calf
Bronze Figurine of the Egyptian God Bes

The Neo-Hittite City-States of Aramean Syria (Tenth to Seventh Centuries B.C.E.)
General View, ’Ain Dara
Sculpted Reliefs, ’Ain Dara Temple

Giant Footprints, ’Ain Dara Temple
Sculpted Temple Orthostat, ’Ain Dara
Sculpted Gods, Audience Hall at Tell Halaf
Relief of a Four-Winged God, Tell Halaf
Relief of an Archer, Tell Halaf
Relief of Warrior with Sling, Tell Halaf

King Barrakub of Sam’al
Sculpted Column Base, Barrakub’s Palace
Victory Stela of Esarhaddon
Assyrian God Astride Bull, Arslantash
Ivory Winged Sphinx, Arslantash